Nail Med

Care of the fingernails and toenails is important. Poor nail care causes problems. Recommendations for maintaining nail health include: keeping nails clean and dry in order to keep bacteria and other infectious organisms from collecting under the nails; cutting nails straight across with only slight rounding at the tip; using a fine-textured file to keep nails shaped and free of snags; and avoiding nail-biting. Nail changes, swelling and pain can signal serious problems that may require a physician and medical nail care. Medical nail care includes preventing and treating diseases. Nail diseases are distinct from diseases of the skin. Although nails are a skin appendage, they have their own signs and symptoms, which can relate to other medical conditions. Nail conditions that show signs of infection or inflammation require medical assistance beyond a beauty parlor. Deformity or diseases of the nails are onychosis. Onychia is an inflammation of the nail folds of the nail with formation of pus and shedding of the nail. Onychia results from the introduction of microscopic pathogens through small wounds. The medical term for ingrown nails is onychocryptosis. Ingrown nails can affect the fingers and the toes. With this condition, the nail cuts into one or both sides of the nail bed, resulting in inflammation and possibly infection. The relative rarity of this condition in the fingers suggests that pressure from the ground or shoe against the toe is a prime cause. The movements involved in walking or other physical disturbances can contribute to the problem. Mild onychocryptosis in the absence of infection is treatable by trimming and rounding the nail. In more advanced cases including infection, doctors perform matrixectomy by surgically excising the in growing portion of the nail down to its bony origin and thermally or chemically cauterizing the matrix to prevent recurrence. The best results are by cauterizing the matrix with phenol.

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Substance-related disorders

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision, also known as DSM-IV-TR, is a manual published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) that includes all currently recognized mental health disorders. The coding system utilized by the DSM-IV is designed to correspond with codes from the International Classification of Diseases, commonly referred to as the ICD. Since early versions of the DSM did not correlate with ICD codes and updates of the publications for the ICD and the DSM are not simultaneous, some distinctions in the coding systems may still be present. For this reason, it is recommended that users of these manuals consult the appropriate reference when accessing diagnostic codes.

Alcohol-related disorders

Amphetamine (or amphetamine-like) related disorders

  • Amphetamine (or amphetamine-like)
    • 305.70 Abuse
    • 304.40 Dependence
    • 292.89 -Induced anxiety disorder
    • 292.84 -Induced mood disorder
    • 292.11 -Induced psychotic disorder, with delusions
    • 292.12 -Induced psychotic disorder, with hallucinations
    • 292.89 -Induced sexual dysfunction
    • 292.89 -Induced sleep disorder
    • 292.89 Intoxication
    • 292.81 Intoxication delirium
    • 292.9 -Related disorder NOS (includes Amphetamine Withdrawal Psychosis)
    • 292.0 Withdrawal

Caffeine-related disorders

  • Caffeine
    • 292.89 -Induced anxiety disorder
    • 292.89 -Induced sleep disorder
    • 305.90 Intoxication
    • 292.9 -Related disorder NOS